US physicians are experiencing burnout at unprecedented rates. In 2023, nearly half (48.2%) of them reported at least one symptom of burnout,1 and one in five is actively planning an exit from clinical practice.2,3 At the same time, a growing number of medical and nursing students—more than 50% according to recent surveys—are pursuing careers outside of direct patient care.4
Contributing to this shift are several systemic pressures, including administrative overload, limited time for patient interaction, and a training model that can erode empathy as students transition from the classroom to the clinic.4-6 Combined with projected shortages of 30,000 to 60,000 primary care and surgical physicians by 2036,7 existing care gaps appear to be poised to widen, especially for underserved populations.
The declines in providers’ senses of empathy and purpose are not occurring in a vacuum. In many ways, the shift is a byproduct of medical environments that undervalue compassion. Addressing this challenge requires more than a change in policy; it demands experiences that reconnect clinicians with their professional identity.
HUMANITARIAN SERVICE AS AN ANTIDOTE TO BURNOUT
Humanitarian medical care returns physicians and students to what first drew them to medicine. Free from bureaucratic encumbrances and focused on interacting with patients, these outreach experiences offer a chance for renewal.
“Participating in these missions was a reminder that medicine is more than a career—it is a commitment to serve others with dignity and compassion.”
—Terra, University of California, Berkeley
Across the premedical (premed), medical, and postgraduate stages, structured humanitarian work can foster cultural humility, clinical empathy, and teamwork in resource-limited settings. Students gain real-world exposure, and physicians have space to teach, reflect, and recharge emotionally.
“A journey so fulfilling and rewarding ... ultimately shaped my worldview, reinforced my interest in the health care field, and strengthened my passion for patient care.”
—Armaan, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
These experiences are not superficial. They often involve hands-on contributions under the guidance of skilled mentors that range from sterilizing instruments to assisting with postoperative recovery.
“I learned how to properly wash my hands before entering the OR, maintain a sterile environment, and identify various surgical instruments ... This practical training gave me a solid foundation in basic technical skills and patient care.”
—Katia, University of California, San Diego
Humanitarian care is not relevant only during clinical years. For premed students navigating competitive admissions processes, limited clinical exposure, and academic pressure, missions can provide pivotal moments of affirmation and clarity. Nearly 75% of premed students take 1 or more gap years before matriculation.8 Structured outreach offers a purposeful way for them to use that time to cultivate self-reliance and emotional readiness for the path ahead.
“Working in resource-limited environments taught me to value teamwork and the profound impact of even the smallest efforts in patient care.”
—Madeleine, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
By immersing students in patient-facing roles, humanitarian experiences can bridge the gap between aspiration and application. They offer young people a vision of medicine where connection—not documentation—is the focus and, in doing so, reignite the spark many lose along the way.9
REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION
Premed students face significant barriers to meaningful patient contact. Between institutional restrictions and the competitive demands of the medical school application process, many of them feel disconnected from the humanistic side of medicine long before they enter a clinical setting.
Humanitarian medical service offers students a transformative counterbalance. Immersive, hands-on participation—guided by experienced clinicians—demonstrates a vision of care that is both technically and emotionally rich.10
“I learned the importance of compassion and humility through direct patient care—an experience that reminded me why I chose to pursue medicine in the first place.”
—Hannah, University of California, San Diego (now an ophthalmology resident)
These experiences can be particularly powerful during gap years. How best to use that time is a subject of debate.8 Global medical outreach stands out as both ethically valuable and personally affirming.
“Seeing how patients expressed gratitude for even basic medical interventions reaffirmed my commitment to providing compassionate care.”
—Mia, Northeastern University, Boston
Importantly, this exposure is not limited to preclinical students. The empathy cultivated in outreach settings may help reverse the well-documented erosion of compassion that occurs between the second and third years of medical school.5
“During a stressful phase in my training, participating in this medical mission helped me realign my priorities and rekindle my passion for medicine.”
—Michael, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
REBUILDING PHYSICIAN RESILIENCE THROUGH TEACHING AND SERVICE
For attending and resident physicians, the administrative burden of modern health care often leaves little room for reflection or meaning. Structured humanitarian missions offer a rare reprieve: the chance to focus on healing, mentorship, and human connection.
“Witnessing the transformation in medical students, residents, and fellows as they grow into compassionate physicians is one of the greatest rewards of humanitarian medicine.”
—Jeffrey J. Rutgard, MD
Teaching in the field—often in high-need, low-resource areas—can allow physicians to recalibrate their clinical priorities and reconnect with the emotional core of their work. In these settings, the absence of electronic medical record software and productivity metrics makes space for real-time learning, interpersonal growth, and purpose-driven care.
Theodore Schwartz, MD, a neurosurgeon and the author of Grey Matters: A Biography of a Brain Surgeon, has reflected on how high-intensity training environments can distance clinicians from their patients. His insights echo a broader call for models of care that cultivate empathy as a clinical skill, not an optional trait.11
Burnout among physicians not only impairs personal well-being, but it can also affect patient safety and satisfaction.12 With an estimated $4.6 billion in annual economic losses attributed to physician burnout,13 investing in experiences that restore professional fulfillment is not just compassionate but pragmatic.
Doing It Right
Effective humanitarian medical care is designed with integrity and long-term impact in mind. Superficial interventions or poorly coordinated trips risk creating dependency or, worse, reinforcing inequities through a “white savior” model of care.14
Ethical programs involve collaboration with local health care providers and administrators to ensure continuity of care, proper follow-up, and local training. Outreach should center on the patient, demonstrate cultural sensitivity, and be built with sustainability in mind.
Best practices include the following:
- Capacity building. Training local staff alongside volunteers;
- Cultural humility. Engaging with community leaders;
- Logistical planning. Minimizing the burden on local systems and avoiding short-term fixes; and
- Student supervision. Ensuring proper educational boundaries and mentorship.15
Designing outreach programs with these principles in mind can extend the benefits of humanitarian care far beyond any single mission—affecting local health systems, the next generation of providers, and the resilience of those who give care.
A QUIET CURE FOR A LOUD PROBLEM
Humanitarian medical service does not solve all the systemic challenges facing modern health care, but it can allow students, residents, and physicians to reconnect with the foundational values of medicine—empathy, presence, and purpose. These experiences serve as a valuable reminder that compassion is the bedrock of clinical care, not an extra layer on top of technical excellence.
“The most meaningful moments in medicine come from listening to and understanding patients’ stories.”
—Dr. Kim
By supporting ethically structured, emotionally engaging humanitarian missions, the ophthalmic community can help close gaps in care, both globally and within themselves.
1. Berg S. Physician burnout rate drops below 50% for first time in 4 years. American Medical Association. July 2, 2024. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/physician-health/physician-burnout-rate-drops-below-50-first-time-4-years
2. Medscape Physician Burnout & Depression Report 2024: “We have much work to do.” Medscape. January 24, 2024. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2024-lifestyle-burnout-6016865
3. Fang DZ, Young CB, Golshan S, et al. Burnout in premedical undergraduate students. Acad Psychiatry. 2012;36(1):11-16.
4. Majority of medical and nursing students planning careers outside patient care. Elsevier. March 6, 2025. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/majority-of-medical-and-nursing-students-planning-careers-outside-patient
5. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med. 2009;84(9):1182-1191.
6. Hojat M, Maio V, Pohl CA, et al. Clinical empathy: definition, measurement, correlates, group differences, erosion, enhancement, and healthcare outcomes. Discov Health Syst. 2023;2(8).
7. GlobalData. The complexities of physician supply and demand: projections from 2021 to 2036. Association of American Medical Colleges. March 2024. Accessed June 11, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/media/75236/download
8. Schwartzstein RM, Marzouk S. Gap years—unbridled good or unwarranted cost? JAMA. 2024;332(24):2053-2054.
9. Drain PK, Primack A, Hunt DD, et al. Global health in medical education: a call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med. 2007;82(3):226-230.
10. Sawatsky AP, Rosenman DJ, Merry SP, et al. Eight years of the Mayo International Health Program: what an international elective adds to resident education. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(8):734-741.
11. Lown BA, Rosen J, Marttila J. An agenda for improving compassionate care: a survey shows about half of patients say such care is missing. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(9):1772-1778.
12. Panagioti M, Geraghty K, Johnson J, et al. Association between physician burnout and patient safety, professionalism, and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(7):e184709.
13. Han S, Shanafelt TD, Sinsky CA, et al. Estimating the attributable cost of physician burnout in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(11):784-790.
14. Loken C. Making a purposeful impact with international ophthalmology. Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today. October 22, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2025. https://crstoday.com/articles/oct-2021/making-a-purposeful-impact-with-international-ophthalmology
15. Ethical medical mission trips for pre-med students. Global Brigades Blog. 2023. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://blog.globalbrigades.org/medical-mission-trips-pre-med-students
